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The purpose of this paper is to explore the South Korean government's policy objectives for the Broadband Convergence Network (BcN).

This paper integrates two primary approaches. The first is documentary research and analysis of primary policy texts relating to the evolution of South Korea's Broadband Convergence Network (BcN) from 2004 to 2007. The second approach involves field interviews of key informants who are familiar with the policy agenda of the BcN in South Korea.

This paper's findings on the policy agenda of the BcN are intended to be useful for executives in the private sector, officials in government and academics in university settings who are interested in drawing insights from Korean experience to inform their own work.

The BcN's mix of private and public sector stakeholders may have implications for incipient projects in terms of how to structure regulatory oversight for similar initiatives and how to determine the optimal level of government participation in similar broadband and new media infrastructures. This study serves as a first step for academic inquiry into the policy implications of the BcN.

This paper advances the existing research on broadband policy in South Korea by providing one of the only scholarly research studies to address the BcN. Even though the existing research base addresses broadband in South Korea, this is one of the few studies that specifically examines the BcN infrastructure project. As a result this paper offers a unique and distinct analysis of the policy agenda for the BcN and examines the institutional underpinnings of this particular infrastructure project which has not been adequately covered in the existing literature.

This paper focuses on two prominent theoretically grounded approaches to this subject matter, namely disruptive innovations and generativity of the internet. This paper seeks to explicitly link these conceptual approaches in order to contribute to the epistemology on the development of ICTs.

This paper is structured in three primary and functional sections. The first section provides a theoretically grounded literature review on the research on the generativity of the internet and on disruptive innovation as well as the research base and links and forwards these two lines of discourse. The second section describes how the conceptual foundations and assumptions of Zittrain's generativity of the internet and Christensen's disruptive innovation share common precepts and conceptual assumptions. The third section suggests that the discourse for each of the two approaches could be furthered by more deliberately and concretely drawing on the value of complementarities.

This paper offers argumentation suggesting that the theoretical concepts of hierarchies and markets are also useful in drawing conceptual linkages between the disruptive innovations and generativity of the internet approaches.

Since this paper is intended to focus on conceptual issues a possible limitation is that an empirical discussion of this subject matter lies outside the scope of this paper's thesis.

This conceptual paper has practical implications for academics, executives in the private sector and policy officials who are interested in conceptually grounded implications of ICTs and attended issues of innovation and technological change.

The implications mainly pertain to how the process of innovation and technological change impacts the interactions among these firms both in terms of competition and collaboration.

This paper seeks to explicitly link conceptual approaches in order to contribute to the epistemology on the development of ICTs. The conceptual contribution of this paper goes one step further by suggesting how the discourse for each of the two approaches could be furthered by more deliberately and concretely drawing on the value of complementarities.

The primary purpose of this paper is to explore the importation of the convergence idea into the Indian regulatory and institutional context.

The objectives of this paper were largely achieved by utilizing textual or policy document analysis. This methodological technique involves an analysis of primary and some secondary sources including: statements from policy makers and direct quotations from policy documents. In theoretical terms, this inquiry is grounded in institutionalism.

Barriers to achieving real convergence are not merely a function of perceptual flaws in regulatory measures or shortcomings of the industries involved, but are endemic to unrealistic conceptualizations of the phenomenon in the literature.

More quantitative metrics could be added. However, if more quantitative methods are added the paper needs to be re‐written to accommodate them. Also a comparative perspective could be added, but then again the paper would have to be re‐designed.

This paper offers numerous concrete and practical applications for those in government and industry who are struggling with the convergence issue. For policymakers it provides insights for how governments and consultants may impact the progress of convergence. The paper also illustrates structural factors that industry will face in India in rolling out converged or multi‐media services.

Convergence in the Indian case is greatly under researched. While there has been considerable research into regulatory issues of the nation's telecommunications and broadcast industries, few if any studies have addressed convergence among distinct mediated communication forms. Inquiry into role the regulatory role of consultant firms is particularly lacking.

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) launched in the year 2006, with the pursuit of the objective of removing poverty and unemployment and thus address the issue of financial inclusion. The performance of the programme across the states in India has not been uniform. The purpose of this study is to focus on the financial inclusiveness features associated with MGNREGS program across the selected districts in West Bengal in the years of recent past.

In this study, financial inclusion index has been developed by consideration of four indicators with the help of principal component method. Fixed effect regression model has been applied to explain the impact of relevant determinants on financial inclusion index.

It is observed that out of 19 districts, seven districts registered an increase in the value of the financial inclusion index in the year 2019 compared to that in the year 2013. The empirical analysis for identifying the determinants of overall inclusion reveals that factors like households having active job card, utilization of fund, amount of labour cost and number of works have significant influence on financial inclusion.

The study widely discussed how the scheme was helping in promoting financial inclusion by providing wage payment through banks and post offices accounts. The author has also tried to highlight some of the difficulties in accelerating the speed of financial inclusion when banks and post offices are used as a means for wage payment and finally provide remedial measures that could be taken to tackle these problems.

Managers prefer semantic imbeds in brand names, but extant literature has primarily studied fictitious names for their sound-symbolic perceptions. This paper aims to explore sound-symbolic perceptions of products with blended brand names (BBNs), formed with at least one semantic and one nonsemantic component. Unlike most extant literature, this study not only estimates the effect of vowels and consonants individually on product perceptions but also of their combinations. The boundary condition for this effect is examined by classifying products by their categorization and attributes by their abstractness.

Through a within-subject experiment, this paper tested perceptions of products with BBNs having high-/low-frequency sounds. A mixed-design experiment followed with sound frequency, product-level categorization and attributes’ abstractness as predictor variables.

For BBNs, vowel sounds convey brand meaning better than the combinations of vowel and consonant sounds – and these convey brand meaning better than consonant sounds. Differences in consumers’ perceptions of products with BBNs occur when the degree of attributes’ abstractness matches product-level categorization, such as when concrete attributes match subordinate-level categorization.

Brand managers/strategists can communicate product positioning (attribute-based) through BBNs created specifically for product categories and product types.

This research presents a comparative analysis across vowels, consonants and their combinations on consumers’ perceptions of products with BBNs. Manipulation of names’ length and position of the sound-symbolic imbed in the BBN proffered additional contributions. Another novelty is the interaction effect of product categorization levels and attributes’ abstractness on sound-symbolic perception.

This purpose of the study is to evaluate areas of application of internet of things (IoT) in the construction industry, with the view of increasing the level of usage of technology. This will help in understanding the areas where IoT can be applied in the construction industry for better improvement.

A quantitative approach was adopted for this study, and the adopted questionnaire was structured on a five-point Likert scale to elicit the opinion of respondents in the areas of application of IoT in the construction industry. The respondents included are quantity surveyors, land surveyors, builders, architects and engineers. Bar chart, mean item score, one sample t-test and Kruskal–Wallis H test were used in analyzing the retrieved data.

The results showed that building information modeling, construction management, remote usage monitoring, equipment services and repair, construction tools and equipment tracking are areas where IoT is mostly applied in the industry. Site monitoring is the only factor that has significant difference in the opinions of professionals, while others do not have. One sample t-test revealed that three factors out of 12 do not have significance attached by professionals.

The study gives insight into different areas where IoT can be applied in the construction industry. It also highlights how its application can be improved through workshops, training, seminar and conference for construction professionals to keep themselves abreast of information and communication technology trends, especially in the aspect of IoT. The IoT adoption helps in accomplishing sustainable infrastructural projects with more convenience.